Coca Cola vs Pepsi

The Coca-Cola Company versus PepsiCo, Inc. Andy Berg Ufuoma Omosebi Intermediate Accounting III ACC305 19 November, 2011 Coca Cola and Pepsi are the two most popular and widely recognized beverage brands in the United States. Pepsi and Coca Cola contrast each other on their taste, its associated colors and themes, and ingredients. Even the pension plans and funding status are a competitive comparison. 1. Compare the pension plans of Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, including type of plan and funded status at 2007 year-end. PepsiCo, Inc. as a voluntary defined benefit pension plan that includes all full time U. S. employees and some international employees. This plan is a noncontributory plan; the employer is the only contributor funding the plan therefore they bear the entire cost of the plan. This plan is a qualified pension plan allowing tax incentives for employer contributions which are calculated based on employees years of service or a combination of service and income. In addition, Peps iCo offers medical and life insurance benefits and a retiree medical plan that are only funded on a â€Å"pay as you go† basis. These plans are not generally funded by the employer since they do not fund plans where no tax benefits are received. A specific dollar amount is assigned as a â€Å"cap† for employer payments the remaining funds are received from the retiree. Coca Cola has a defined contribution plan that includes all U. S. employees and some international employees. This is a contributory plan; both the employer and the employee make contributions. This plan offers substantial tax benefits for the contributions made by the employer. In addition, Coca Cola also has a defined benefit pension plan. This plan is considered a nonqualified, unfunded plan primarily for the organizations officers, most U. S. employees, and some international employees. This plan offers no tax benefits for contributions made by the organization. In 2007, Coca Cola amended this plan to reduce exposure. Each organization offers and sponsors 401K pension plans as well as medical and life insurance benefit plans for their employees or associates. Not all employees are eligible for  participation in all plans. 2 . Calculate the relevant rates that were used by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo in computing their pension amounts. Coca-Cola reported â€Å"net periodic benefit cost† of $108 million in 2007. PepsiCo reported â€Å"pension expense† of $329 million in 2007 for U. S. plans. All of the relevant rates used by Coca Cola and PepsiCo are shown in the notes of the financial statements listed in the comparative analysis. These rates are disclosed so that users of  the statements can assess the reasonableness of the assumptions made when calculating pension expenses and liabilities. The discount rate, expected rate of return on plan assets, and rate of  compensation are the relevant rates needed to make the necessary assumptions. The rates below have been taken from the Wiley Companion Website. The discount rate influences pension expense. Coca Cola’s discount rate used to compute  pension information for December 31, 2007 is 5. 5% for pension benefits and 6% for other  benefits. PepsiCo’s discount rate used to compute pension information for December 31, 2007 is5. 8% for U. S. pensions, 5. 2% for international pensions, and 5. 8% for other benefits. The expected rate of return on plan assets determines how much funding the plan assets will earn for the plan. This information is crucial for the company because it indicates how much additional funding will have to be provided to the plan above earnings to meet obligations. Coca Cola’s expected rate of return used to compute pension information for December 31, 2007 is7. 75%. PepsiCo’s expected rate of return used to compute pension information for December 31, 2007 is 7. 8%. Pension benefits are determined by considering the employees compensation level at retirement. Therefore, the rate of compensation or expected increase percentage is necessary to determine future compensation levels. Coca Cola’s rate of compensation or â€Å"rate of increase in compensation levels† percentage used to compute pension information for December 21, 2007 is 4. 25%. PepsiCo’s rate of compensation or â€Å"rate of increase in compensation levels† percentage used to compute pension information for December 21, 2007 is 4. 7%. 3. Determine which company you would rather invest in if you were a potential shareholder. Justify your answer. PepsiCo, Inc. is also a large company that has been around since 1898. They are also a leader in the beverage market but have diversified into another area; snacks. The diversity is pretty impressive. They also indicate stability and liquidity with favorable ratios. They have a 53. 15% gross profit margin for 2007 and less than 40% of their net operating revenue comes from operations outside the U. S. Coca Cola is a large company that has been around since 1886. They are primarily marketing and selling one product; beverages. They have a 63. 9% gross profit margin for 2007and show reasonably good ratios indicating stability. For the 46th consecutive year dividends have risen. About 74% of their net operating revenue comes from operations outside of the U. S. Coke and Pepsi trade in the No. 10 and No. 9 positions at 13. 31 and 16. 67. This may be explained by the relative growth and return on capital positions of the companies. Coke has a ROIC of 23. 91% annually for the last five years, and growth of revenue per share of 9. 29% per year. Pepsi’s ROIC was 19. 96% and revenue per share growth of 13. 43%. Assessing how the market assigns value to Pepsi and Coke may come down to a view that the foods division of Pepsi is more exposed to potential inflation and therefore requires a higher cost of capital to compensate for this risk. I would invest in Coca-Cola if I were a potential shareholder. The company generates significant return for shareholders. Fundamentally, Coke has generated 16-19% return on assets; 27-40% percent return on equity; and between $1. 6 billion and $3. 2 billion in free cash flow, with all three metrics peaking in 2010. Coke has returned to shareholders $27. 4 billion in cash the last four years in the form of dividends and share buybacks. The stock has provided a total return of 83. 81% from 2006 to 2010. 4. Determine which company you would rather work for if you were a potential employee. Justify your answer. If I had to choose a company to work for it would be PepsiCo. Benefits are important in any job selection and initially it seems that Coca Cola’s benefits are better however, after my review PepsiCo is a much better company. There is something more important than benefits; it is a feeling of belonging and being cared for in an organization. The entire time I was reading PepsiCo’s statements I got a feeling that they really cared about their employees, the community they serve and the environment. At one point, they even mentioned they cherished their  employees and encouraged personal as well as professional growth. They speak of product innovations; that they want to nourish consumers and reinvent brands to produce more healthy  products for consumers. They speak of partnerships with the FDA, The World Health Organization, and Alliance for a Healthier Generation for better focus on these innovations. They have given foundation grants internationally to battle chronic diseases and encourage physical fitness thru exercise and dance. They even have plants in Arizona that use solar power to  produce products. It just seems like a friendlier more positive company. References Kieso, D. E. , Weygandt, J. J. , & Warfield, T. D. (2010). Comparative Analysis Case; The Coca-Cola Company versus PepsiCo, Inc. Intermediate Accounting III, 13thEdition, 1072-1074& 1111. Kennon, Joshua (2011). Adjusting Pension Assumptions to Manipulating Earnings, How to Spot Signs of Aggressive Accounting, Retrieved August 13, 2011, from the website: http://beginnersinvest. about. com/od/gaap/a/aa090704. htm Coca Cola vs Pepsi TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION 3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 4 SOURCE OF COLLECTION OF DATA 5 REPRESENTATION OF DATA THROUGH CHART 5 INTERPRETATION 8 RESEARCH FINDINGS 8 CONCLUSION 9 RECOMMENDATIONS 10 BIBLIOGRAPHY 10 QUESTIONNAIRE 11 INTRODUCTION PEPSI Pepsi was founded in New York in 1965. It is Producing Non-alcoholic beverage and Food processing items. Pepsi is a carbonated beverage that is produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. It is sold in retail stores, restaurants cinemas and from vending machines. The drink was first made in the 1890s by pharmacist Caleb Bradham in New Bern, North Carolina. The brand was trademarked on June 16, 1903. Pepsi arrived on the market in India in 1988. PepsiCo gained entry to India in 1988 by creating a joint venture with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Volta’s India Limited.Coke and PepsiThis joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991, when the use of foreign brands was allo wed; PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. Others claim that firstly Pepsi was banned from import in India, in 1970, for having refused to release the list of its ingredients and in 1993, the ban was lifted, with Pepsi arriving on the market shortly afterwards. These controversies are a reminder of â€Å"India’s sometimes acrimonious relationship with huge multinational companies. † Indeed, some argue that PepsiCo and The Coca-Cola Company have â€Å"been major targets in part because they are well-known foreign companies that draw plenty of attention. COCA-COLAJon Styth Pemberton first introduced the refreshing taste of Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia it was May 1861 when the pharmacist concocted caramel colored syrup in three–  legged brass kettle in his backyard. He first distributed the new product by carrying Coca-Cola in a jug coin enjoys in a glass of Coca-Cola at the soda fountain. Whether by design or accident, carbonated water was teamed with the new syrup, producing a drink  that was proclaimed â€Å"Delicious and Refreshing†. Dr. Pemberton’s Partner and bookkeeper, Mr. Frank Robinson, suggested the name and penned as â€Å"Coca-Cola† in the unique flowing script that is still famous worldwide today. Dr.Pemberton’s sold 25 gallons of syrup, shipped in bright Red wooden kegs. Red has been a distinctive color associated with the No. 1 soft drink brand ever since. For  his efforts, Dr. Pemberton grossed $ 50 and spent $ 73. 96 on advertising, by 1891,Atlanta chemist as a G. Canler had acquired complete ownership of the Coca-Cola  business. He purchases it from the Dr. Pemberton family for $ 2300. With in 4 year his merchandising flair helped to expand the consumption of Coca-Cola to over $25 million . Robert W. woodruff become the president of the Coca-Cola company in 1923 and his more than six decades of leadership took the business of commercial success making16 Co ca-Cola an institution the world over.Coca-Cola begins as a never tonic, but candy merchant Joseph A. Biedenharn of Mississippi was looking for awry to serve refreshing  beverages. He responded to this demand began offering bottle Coca-Cola using syrup shipped from Atlanta, during a hot summer in 1894 RESEARCH OBJECTIVE 1. Consumer preference to buy Coca-Cola and Pepsi. 2. What are the factors would you consider to buy Coca-Cola and Pepsi. 3. What is the medium through which you came to know about Coca-Cola and Pepsi. 4. To offer some finding and suggestions to the company for the improvement of It’s  performance. NEED FOR THE STUDY In the present scenario the competitions between the soft drinks increased very high.The companies are struggling a lot to keep up their market share in the industry and to improve the sales of their products i. e. the turnover of the company. For this the company has to know their position in the market and the opinion and the loyalty of  t he customers and the retailers when compared to their competitor. Because of this reason the comparative analysis is very important and useful to the Company. By the use of comparative analysis the companies can understand the position of the company and the strength of the company in the market. Through the comparative analysis we can understand that what strategies the competitors are using for the increase their sales volume.From the study we can gather the information regarding the opinion of the consumers on the companies comparatively and this will help to plans for the future to increase the performance of the company and to gain the loyalty of  the consumers when compared to the competitors. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY We have done Descriptive research to find out our objectives. In descriptive research we use the Primary and secondary data. Research methodology is the way to systematically solve the research problem. The method used for the research is Descriptive Research to fi nd out our objectives. In descriptive research we use the primary and secondary both data, Sample Design for primary data have been collected through probability sampling.Data is Collected through Market survey in Delhi through Well prepared structured questionnaires were used in this study, which includes both closed-ended and few open-ended questions to get information based on the objective of the research process. People of different age group from different economic background were asked to fill the questionnaire containing 13 questions. Sample Size is taken 40 out of which 4 questionnaires had been rejected due to Mistakes, which was made by the respondents. SOURCE OF COLLECTION OF DATA:- All the useful data which were require for this research has been collected through Primary and secondary date. Primary data collected through Questionnaire Secondary data collected through Internet, Magazines and Newspaper   ASSUMPTIONS:-It is assumed that the chosen sample is the represen tation of whole population. It is assumed that information provided by the samples is accurate and best of their  knowledge. REPRESENTATION OF DATA THROUGH CHART RATIO OF MALE & FEMALE RESPONDANT Total numbers of respondent were 40 out of which 4 questionnaires is rejected. So final date interpretation is done on the basis of only 36 questionnaires. Total no. of respondents 36| | Gender| Number| Male| 30| Female| 6| Reasons behind choosing the product:- Total respondents 36| | Preference| Number of respondents| Taste| 28| Advertisements| 4| Thirsty| 5| Easy availability| 4| Others| 2| Effect of advertisement:-Total number of respondents: 36| | Influence of advertisements| Number of respondents| Yes| 14| No| 22| Brand loyalty:- Would you visit another store X, if you do not find it at your store. 71% of the respondents said that they go to another shop for their brand and 29% of the people said that they don’t go to another shop. Presence of pesticides:- Total number of resp ondents 36| | Respond| No. of respondent| Yes| 9| No| 27| From the questionnaire we came to know that 27 people i. e 75% said they are no pesticides and rest of them 9 people i. e 25% said Yes. INTERPRETATION On the basis research the facts which have come out:- Coca-Cola has a market share of 28%.The population between 12- 30 year prefer the cola products, while population above to 50 and below 12 prefer soft drinks, and population prefer in Delhi. Only 39% population only influenced by advertisement, rest 61% population believes that Advertisements are not much effective. 71% population are loyal to words there product. 25% population beliefs there cold drink have pesticide up to some extent. 65% of population is being influenced by taste only, while 9% population by Advertisements only. RESEARCH FINDINGS As it was 1st research Project of our life, so it gave us lot of experience which will be very helpful in our life. On the basis of that research we find that in case of beverage s people are much influenced by taste rather than Advertisements and other things. e come to know that Young generation is the biggest consumer of cold drinks than any other. By this research we analyze that male prefer cola drinks, while female prefer soft drinks. Frequency of consume to cold drinks is higher of male than female. By combining all the beverage verities we come to know that Thumps up is the market leader with 14 % total market share while Pepsi is the second highest market leader with 13% market share. If the Buying decision of consumer is rated – 1st preference will go to Taste, 2nd will go to availability, 3rd preference will go to thirsty, 4Th preference will go to Price. CONCLUSION For the purpose of the study, questionnaires were prepared for the Consumers.Care was taken to interview all types of consumers, i. e. , : a. Different age groups b. Males and females In all about 40 consumers were interviewed. The conclusions that one can draw from these answer s provided by the consumers showed that marketing activities do form a major part of the decision. One thing that was common amongst all the consumers who were once a day or once a week. The number one factors the influences a customer while buying a soft-drink was taste. This was true for all the consumers who were interviewed. The rest of the conclusions as deducted from the questionnaires are as follows: The younger generation preferred soft drinks to the older generation. a.Children up to 15 years of age liked to have soft drinks up to once a day. b. Young adults liked to have soft drinks up to 1-2 times a day. c. Adults liked to have soft drinks about once a week. Children preferred Coca-Cola. Young adults liked Pepsi. The older  generation preferred Coca-Cola. The reason given for choice of favorite’s soft drink was taste and easy availability. 90% of the people said that they prefer taste. Most of the people said that television advertising had a more impact on choos ing the brand. As everyone know there is a rumor of pesticides, but in our report we came to know that 75% of the people said they don’t believe in this rumors and only 9% of the people believe in those rumors.About the brand loyalty most of the consumers 71% said they visit another store if they won’t find the preferred brand and 29% said that they not brand conscious rather they depend on availability. RECOMMENDATIONS Though the coke is enjoying larger market share and it is market leader in Indian beverage industry. While with the 46 % market share Pepsi is on the second step. If we are analyzing properly then we find Pepsi is small product portfolio than coke, which is responsible for its second position. Pepsi should increase its product portfolio to capture the Coke’s market share. Companies should focus on the taste of the product because 90% population is influenced by taste only. Young generation is the potential consumer so companies should more focus on them. As we find that 40 % population consumes 200ml cold drinks.Which comes in glass  bottles, these bottles are being retuned back for refilling to companies? Which is incurred again cost of re-transportation. If company start to supply 200 ml cold drinks in pet bottles (plastic bottles) it will be good for company because 40% of population is using only 200ml. BIBLIOGRAPHY http://www. scribd. com/doc/48391213/A-PROJECT-REPORT-PEPSI-VS-COCA-COLA http://www. scribd. com/doc/30242566/Coke-vs-Pepsi http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Pepsi http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Coca_cola http://www. jyd. in/Summer%20Internship%20Projects/Marketing/COKE%20AND%20PEPSI%20LEARN%20TO%20COMPETE%20IN%20INDIA%20By%20Sahil%20Memon. df Business research methods (Zikmund) QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Name:- 2. Gender a) Male b) Female 3. What is your age? a) 15-25 b) 26-30 c) 31-40 d) 41-50 4. Do you know these brands (Coca-Cola & Pepsi) a) Yes b) No 5. Which brand would you prefer? a) Coca-Cola b) Pepsi c) Others 6. Which quantity of your cold drink you often purchase? a) 200ml b) 300mlc) 500ml 7. Do you think, pesticides present in Coco-Cola and Pepsi? a) Yes b) No 8. How often you consume Coca-Cola ? a) Once in a day b) Once in a week c) Twice in a week d) Once in a month e) When they required 9. How often you consume Pepsi ? a) Once in a day b) Once in a week c) Twice in a week d) Once in a month ) When they required 10. When do you consume above preferred brand? a) Travelling b) Party c) Thirsty d) Others 11. Important attribute for buying your above preferred brand ? a) Thirsty b) Flavor c) Availability d) Price e) Others 12. Give ranking to your preferred brand? ___packaging ___taste ___labeling ___price ___availability 13. Through which medium you notice about the above preferred brand? a) Tv ads b) News Paper c) Internet d) Other 14. Would you visit another store X, if you do not find it at your store? a) Yes b) No 15. Do you think that Coca-Cola and Pepsi both are lavishly spending on their ad campaigns to attract customers? a) Yes b) No

Demand & Supply , Examine the Argument in Favour & Against Minimum Wage Law in Uk

* BUSINESS DECISION ANALYSIS* * London* *School*of Accountancy & Management Course Instructor: Prof. Armaan Nehal. N. Panchasara (ID no: ST0005944) Masters of Business Administration Assignment: A * (Using Demand & Supply: examine the arguments in favour & against minimum wage law in UK*) * *Total words: 1,402 Demand It refers to the willingness and ability of buyers to purchase goods and services at different prices. Supply It refers to the willingness and ability of sellers to provide goods and services for sale at different prices What* *is minimum wage? A minimum wage is the lowest monthly, daily or hourly that employers may legally pay to their employees or workers. Or in other words, it can be explained as the lowest wage at which workers may sell their labour. What is minimum wage law in U. K? A National Minimum Wage (NMW) was introduced for the first time by the Labour government of UK on 1 April 1999, and it’s been practiced hence fore. The current minimum wage of UK* as per October 2009 Demand curve of labour: It is assumed that the higher the wage, the fewer hours an employer will demand of an employee. This is because, as the wage rate rises, it becomes more expensive for firms to hire workers and so firms hire fewer workers. The demand of labour curve is therefore shown as a line moving down and to the right. {draw:frame} Supply curve of labour: It is assumed that workers are t o ready labour for more hours if wages are high. Graphical economic representation of this relationship is plotted as the wage on the vertical axis and the quantity (hours) of labour supplied on the horizontal axis. Since increase in wages, increase the quantity supplied, the supply of labour curve is upward sloping, and is shown as a line moving up and to the right. {draw:frame} Effect of Minimum wage law on demand & supply: {draw:frame} Nearly all introductory textbooks on study of economics, it states, increasing the minimum wage decreases the employment of minimum-wage workers. More such textbook says: â€Å"If a higher minimum wage increases the wage rates of unskilled employees above the level that would be established by market forces, the quantity of employment for unskilled workers will fall. The minimum wage will price the services of the lowest productive (and therefore lowest-wage) workers out of the market. †¦ The direct results of minimum wage are clearly mixed. Some workers, mostly those whose previous wages were closest to the minimum, will enjoy higher wages. Other, particularly those with the lowest wage rates, will be unable to find work. They will be pushed into the ranks of the unemployed. If there is rise in the level of minimum wage, then there is rise in level of unemployment, because if the minimum wage is increased the demand for labour falls as it is less profitable for the firms to employ as many people. It is assumed that higher the wages, the fewer hours an employer will demand of an employee, as the wage rate rises, it becomes more expensive for firm to hire workers and so firms hire fewer workers. The demand of labour curve is therefore shown as a line moving down and to the right. While merging the demand and supply curves of labour, we can examine the effect of minimum wage. Assuming that supply and demand curves for labour will not change as a result of raising the minimum wage. If no minimum wage is in the place, workers and employers will continue to adjust the quantity of labour supplied according to price until the quantity labour demanded is equal to the quantity of labour supplied, i. e. reaching Equilibrium price, where demand and supply curves intersect. As shown in above graph. Arguments in Favour of Minimum wage law: Motivates and encourages employee to work more efficiently. By increasing incomes for the lowest-paid workers, the cost of government social welfare decreases. Stimulates consumption of low-income people by putting more money in their hands that spend their entire pay checks. Does not have a substantial effect on unemployment compared to most other economic factors and so it does not put any extra pressure on welfare systems. According to Historical evidence it is noticed at current levels, that it neither hurts businesses nor reduces job creation. A study of U. K. tates showed that businesses' average and annual payrolls grow faster and employment grew at a faster rate in UK with a minimum wage imposed, the study showed a correlation, but did not prove causation to claim. Increases the work ethic for those who earn very little, as employers demand more return from the higher cost of hiring these workers. Arguments in Against the Minimum wage law: Discourages further education among the poor by encourage people to enter the job market. The National Minimum Wage had a negative impact on the staffing levels within our retail stores. The stores are operating for fewer hours as compared to they were several years ago in order to absorb the impact of the strong increases. Businesses spend fewer amounts on training their employees. Reduces profit margins of business owners as employing minimum wage workers, thus it encouraged to move to businesses that do not employ low-skill workers. Businesses try to compensate their effects by raising the prices of the goods being sold thus it caused inflation and increasing the costs of goods and services produced. Does not improve the situation of those who suffer from poverty, it benefited some at the expense of the poorest and least productive. It gave a limitation on the freedom of both employers and employees, and can result in the exclusion of certain groups from the labour force. As a labour market is parallel of political-economic protectionism, it excludes low cost competitors from labour markets, hampers firms in reducing wage costs during trade downturns, and generates various industrial-economic inefficiencies as well as unemployment, poverty, and price rises, and generally impairment of functions. Reduction in quantity demanded of workers, either through reduces in the number of hours worked by individuals, or through reduces in the number of jobs. A NMW set above the free-market wage for certain groups raises the marginal cost of employing people – so firms will cut jobs, reduce hours of work for employees and unemployment will rise. Other workers will demand higher wages to maintain pay differentials (this is known as â€Å"pay leap-forging†). An increase in the total wage bill may cause cost-push inflation and damage the price competitiveness of UK producers in international markets. Young and low-skilled workers will lose out – firms will tend to employ older workers whose experience is greater. There will be a substitution effect of works against younger participants in the labour market. A minimum wage will not ease poverty because many poor households do not have a income earner. Poverty is concentrated in those groups where no one is in paid employment. A minimum wage has little direct effect on these households – better to introduce a minimum income guarantee. A NMW does not take into account regional differences in cost of living and will have a effect of distortion on the way the UK labour market works. Effects of minimum wage law: Effects on the distribution of wages and earnings among low-paid and higher-paid workers. Effects on the distribution of incomes among high-income and low-income families. Effects on the skills of workers through job trainings and the deferring work to acquire education. Effects on profits and prices. Employment effects, the most frequently studied aspect Conclusion Since the introduction of a national minimum wage in the UK in 1999, its effects on employment were subject to extensive research and observation by the Low Pay Commission. The Low Pay Commission found that, rather than make employees redundant, employers have reduced their rate of hiring, reduced staff hours, increased prices, and have found ways to cause current workers to be more productive (especially service companies). Neither trade unions nor employer organizations contest the minimum wage, although the latter had especially done so heavily until 1999. References: Abowd, John M. , Francis Kramarz, David N. Margolis and Thomas Philippon (2000), â€Å"A Tail of Two Countries: Minimum Wages and Employment in France and the United States†, mimeo, CREST, Paris, September. Angriest, Joshua and Alan Krueger (1999), â€Å"Empirical Strategies in Labour Economics†, in O. Ashenfelter and D. Card (eds. ), Handbook of Labour Economics,

Analysis Of The Dead By James Joyce English Literature Essay

Analysis Of The Dead By James Joyce English Literature Essay In the day of the Epiphany in 1904 one of the most popular celebrations of Dublin is about to start, the Misses Morkan’s party. The Morkan are three women belonging to the Irish bourgeoisie who receive in their home some relatives and friends to welcome the Christmas’ day. The warm of the home welcome the guests who arrive frozen from the street. Everything seems to be happiness inside: the piano’s music is accompanied by the dance, the champagne floods the party and the guests enjoy the magnificent evening. After dancing the moment of cut the goose comes and amid laughter the guests talk about opera, theatre, music, one of them dares to recite a poem and another one sings a song. After having a good time the night is over and the party with it. The characters come back home and the story focuses now in one of the couples that participated in the party: Gabriel and Gretta Conroy. The jovial and casual tone of the narration changes completely and we can feel the final climax that brings face to face the marriage. Just before leaving, Gretta listens ‘ The Lass of Aughrim’, an old romantic song intoned by one of the guests. The melody reminds her a love from the past, Michael Furey, who she feels that he died for her. She remains paralysed in the stairs, meanwhile her husband looks at her, spellbound by the vision of such mysterious scene. When they arrive to the hotel she tells him the story of Michael and this provokes in Gabriel an epiphany. 3.CHARACTERIZATION: GABRIEL CONROY The characters are defined by small actions, by physical appearances such as the way of wearing the hair, the gesture of the faces, the way of bowing down to someone and so on. Among the whole gallery of characters that assist to the Christmas party the main character Gabriel Conroy requires special attention. At first glance Gabriel seems to be a happily married teacher that as everyone that night is attending to his aunts’ annual party. However a s the story progresses we realize that he is not as confident as he looks. Gabriel is a man extremely worried about both external and physical appearances, he takes care over his clothes, his phrases, the impact of his words, so much so that his behaviour can result theatrical in some aspects. He is portrayed as a fashion victim ‘Goloshes! said Mrs Conroy. That’s the latest†¦Gabriel says everyone wears them on the continent’ and also during the party, while others are focussed on food, drink and music he spends the most part of the time thinking about the discourse that he will have make, instead of paying attention to his aunt’s song or the conversations of the others ‘Gabriel could not listen while Mary Jane was playing her Academy piece†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢, ‘He would fail with them, just as he failed with the girl in the pantry’. Here his insecurities become more and more evident and his constant attempts to hide them can be seen in g estures and phrases like ‘Gabriel laughed nervously and patted his tie reassuringly†¦.’He coloured and was about to knit his brows†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Gabriel tried to cover his agitation by taking part in the dance with great energy’.

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Sexual Fantasies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Sexual Fantasies - Essay Example Sexual fantasies may also be extreme and for this reason, very few of them are actually tried in reality. In the past, such fantasies were seen to be symptoms of mental and sexual frustrations and sexual starvation. They were considered unhealthy aspects of life (Bader, 58). It was believed that sexual fantasies caused tenets such as homosexuality, rape and incest. However, recent research on this subject states that people should not be ashamed because they have sexual fantasies. Such thoughts are healthy and when communicated to one’s partner can lead to a very satisfying relationship. Sexual fantasies exist among both men and women. However, their nature is completely different given the natural differences between them. This is further illustrated by the difference in sexual fantasies between men and women. Men are attracted by visual things. This is known as voyeurism. Men are sexually stimulated by what they see and this gives them a lot of pleasure. They just want to watch something stimulating, whether it is sexual content or just their partners. It is not uncommon to find men watching sexual content; this is not to be seen in the negative light but as an expression of sexual desires. A threesome refers to sexual activity between three people. Most men fantasize about having two women at the same time. It is a common fantasy and many would gladly indulge in it if given the go ahead by their partners. This activity can make them feel more masculine and boost their egos (Bader, 29). Role playing is a form of sexual fantasy that is common between men and women. This involves partners taking up various roles such as nurse- patient, cop- bad girl, teacher- student and many more. No matter the partners’ roles, they have to look sexy to each other. This boosts their sexual morale as they play out their fantasies with each other. A woman would want to take part in sexual role play so that she gets to

Condense and rewrite Part IV (Four of Hume's Dialogues Concerning Essay

Condense and rewrite Part IV (Four of Hume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion as a conversation carried on in contemporary - Essay Example This is because the Deity can never match the ideas people have of him. As a result, those that have various opinions about the Deity are prone to facing grievous consequences. On the other hand, there are individuals that believe that the human mind is wide and diverse. However, most people ignore that and assign their abilities to another, which is the Deity. Therefore, the mind is an extension of the soul, which is made up of various attributes. Eventually, it makes people different in various ways due to the arrangement of the mind. This is the kind of conversation that takes place between Cleanthes, Philo and Demea as each takes a different stand. In summary, the conversation between Cleanthes, Philo and Demea depicts religious philosophies due to the different opinions they have about the Deity or God. Cleanthes: It is alarming to know that Demea does not believe the Deity looks like humanity. This is because she is religious and has been sincere to its cause. Truly, this Deity has super- powers and other aspects that cannot be compared to human beings. Consequently, the thoughts and notions human beings have about the Deity cannot be correct. This is because they cannot completely compare to the real nature of the deity. The Atheists believe that the beginning to everything is unintelligible and unknown. These religious have rejected the mind and its productions. As a result, they assign intelligible causes to the Deity or God. The people that explain about the simplicity of the Supreme Being are Mystical. Therefore, these people should be faced with consequences that are drawn from their ideas. This could mean that they have become Atheist without their knowledge. Moreover, the Supreme Being cannot be fully comprehended. As a result, the compliments or attributes given to Him are not a total match to the true Him. In my opinion, a mind without love, opinion, ideas, affections or sentiments cannot then be considered a mind. Demea: I am shocked at the fact that Cleanthes can reject my antagonists by giving those nicknames. What is more surprising is that Cleanthes is philosophical, but does not buy the ideology. Has he gotten to declamation instead of being reasonable? He seems not to understand that such a topic can be retorted easily. According to Cleanthes, human understanding and the mind is similar to that of the Deity. However, the soul of man is comprised of various faculties. These are the ideas, passion and sentiments. All these aspects are united into an individual to create the self. However, every individual is different from the other. This is because the ideas are placed in a different order as a person reasons. This means that the mind gives way to another arrangement. The Theists say that the Deity says the past, present and future. They also add that he is justice and mercy, love and hatred. Additionally, the Deity is fixed in a state considered perfect. Philo: I urge you Cleanthes to consider the argument you create. You could be the only Theist that is of a sound mind in the whole world. Eventually, you will be free to find yourself. However, if Atheists become idolaters then there will be nothing left of humanity. On the other hand, authorities and names swa y Cleanthes. This means that I need to be careful with the terms I use. The mind is divine and hence has unique ideologies, but arranged in different order. I tell you Cleanthes that those who thought of bread as a form of nourishment show their ignorance. In the same way, these philosophers came up with ideas on the Supreme Being. According to them, the mind became the reference to assign to the Deity. As a result, it is just another channel to highlight ignorance. It is also

What problems are currently encountered in schooling with regard to Essay

What problems are currently encountered in schooling with regard to issues of gender or 'race' or class How would your ideal education system tackle these issues - Essay Example In the UK schools, classrooms have children from different race, class, religion, and customs. So, the children in their development stage, mentally and physically interact with children of different ethnic groups and social status. These interactions can turn bad if the right kind of attention is not given by the education system. Gender discrimination in school is another problem that can have bad effects on growing child as it is the time when children start exploring themselves and start recognizing their part in the society. As per the reports in the late 2009, racial problems among the UK school children touched up to 40,000 cases, which give us an idea that it’s growing as an issue of national importance. The cases include all categories of pupil; right from primary school to higher school level. Mostly, in cases where a toddler or primary school children is involved in calling nick names or jokes that have racial inclination, it’s never taken into notice that these small kids are not aware of the length and depth of the word â€Å"racism†. Many of these cases involving school children are those which can be solved within the classroom with a well needed involvement and attention of the teacher. The problem of racial issue gets an unwanted attention when the local authorities and media are involved and the teachers are required to report and fill in the forms regarding the issue. This is the time when the existence of racial division gets into the mind of young children. The Race Relations Act 2000 was enacted to remove the discrimination under close observation of public authorities and schools. They had to observe the reflection of the policy with regard to educational achievements of students from various races. In 2002, the policy newly included certain other regulations in school by which each school has to observe and inform any kind of racial events to the concerned local

Critically discuss the influences from outside accounting which have Essay

Critically discuss the influences from outside accounting which have affected the development of financial reporting in various countries - Essay Example As a point of departure accounting is a product of the environment and all factors attributed to the outside of accounting such as politics, legal framework among others will automatically influence the manner in which the accounting system of a nation operates differently from those of their nations. This brings us to the aspect of political systems. Various nations across the nations embrace diverse types of governance systems which immensely influence the type of accounting systems to be embraced across its borders. For instance, some of the political systems practiced include the multi-party democracy, one-party systems, traditional monarchies, military dictatorships and dominant-party systems (UNITED STATES, 2007). It is imperative to note that, the higher the level of a political system in terms of freedom, the lower the rank of a nation. This immensely influences the standards of the accounting systems that are embraced in a particular nation. For instance, the political syste ms of a nation stand a position of determining the nature of the economic structure a nation embraces hence determining the accounting patterns (TSAMENYI & UDDIN, 2009). Some nations can import or export accounting standards and practices; this brings the discrepancy of the accounting systems embraced by diverse nations. In addition, the element of political freedom of a nation is critical in the development of an accounting and reporting systems guided by the full and fair disclosure principle. In essence, when the populace is not allowed to make independent electoral choices, then the possibility of influencing accountable and transparent governance principles which will enable establishment of an accounting profession or system that is founded on the full and fair disclosure principle is low. Similarly on the side of legal systems, the same case of lack of influence in the formation of these systems defines

Create an Innovation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Create an Innovation - Essay Example Creating or finding a way where the driver’s safety is not compromised while sending and receiving text messages can indeed be a challenge. As it is, studies have already proven that texting while driving is dangerous that a new innovative way is needed to keep the driver’s eyes on the road while still able to receive and text messages. Banning text messaging through legislation such as the case of Text Messaging Law of California that prohibits text driving (California Department of Motor Vehicles, 2011) will not work evident with the continued accidents and fatal crashes associated to text driving. Thus, the innovative idea/s that will be found or created that will enable drivers to text while keeping their eyes on the road will save thousands of lives and limbs and also millions of dollars because accidents and crashes linked to text driving can be minimized if not totally eliminated with the proposed innovation. For the company, developing a product and/or system that would allow a driver to text and drive would be considered revolutionary that could significantly enhanced its bottom line. The immediate impact of the development of an innovative product and/or system that would allow a driver to text while driving would be the recognition from the safety regulation agencies that indeed the device and/or system works. Such recognition would bear credibility to the product and/or system that would make it possible for the product to become mandatory in any vehicle before it can be insured. When such objective is realize, the increase in revenue that will be derived from such innovation would be exponential considering that all vehicles in the US will be required to install it before it can be insured. In addition to the recognition to the company the revenue that can be derived from the direct sale of the product and/or system, the

Gothic stories Essay Example for Free

Gothic stories Essay Gothic is a word used in the twelfth century to denote certain types of architecture connected to the settings used by writers. Gothic fiction initiated as a genre in 1765 with Horace Walpoles novel Castle of Otranto. The majority of Gothic writers would take drugs which inspired them to put pen to paper and write about numerous Gothic features and produce their story. Normally characters are associated with odd or ritualistic behaviour often involving the supernatural. The Gothic Golden Age occurred between 1765 and 1844. Boundaries and limits are both established and challenged by both writers and characters. Tensions between the scientific and the supernatural are often made apparent. Examples of these Gothic features can be found in The Signalman, The Hand and The Dream Woman. Traditionally Gothic stories are set in castles, churches, darkness or other locations with a sense of evil. Gothic stories are mainly set at night to add an extra illusion of fear. Should a Gothic story be read in a dark room extra fear, tension, anxiety and anticipation would be inflicted upon the reader. This is because when a gothic tale is read in the dark there is a sense of someone or something watching you. Readers expectations when reading a Gothic tale are to read about elements of the supernatural, skeletal or ghostly images and pathetic fallacy. In The Signalman Dickens writes he was a dark sallow man, with a dark beard and rather heavy eyebrows. This quotation consists of an example of a ghostly, corpse like image. Dickens is Describing a ghostly figure. The Signalman written by Charles Dickens is a perfect example of a gothic setting. The story has many examples of unusual events. Dickens writes so steeped in the glow of an angry sunset. This quotation informs the reader that the sunset has a violent glow which is unusual for a sunset, the skyline is a deep blood red. The Signalman is set at the Signalmans hut where the cutting through the tunnel by the hut is unusually deep and gives a sense of foreboding to the reader. The tunnel is made through clammy stone, which became oozier and wetter as you walked to the tunnel and made anybody petrified to enter it. The Hand written by Guy De Maupassant uses great examples of death, a main gothic feature. De Maupassant writes I bent down close to the corpse and between his clenched teeth I found one of the fingers from that vanished hand. This quotation informs the reader that a finger from the missing hand has been found, but in what mysterious circumstances. Also in The Hand the hand itself is described with much detail. The writer states The fingers were abnormally long and were attached by enormous tendons to which fragments of skin adhered. In this quotation the writer is describing the hand in such ghoulish detail the reader has an image of a gruesome hand projected onto their minds which they will find hard to forget. A feature of gothic tradition is the use of dark colours to emphasize the evilness of gothic characters and buildings. In the novel The Dream Woman the writer says The flame diminished to a blue point and the room grew dark The effect of this quotation on the reader is that it adds extra fear and suspense due to the darkness. A main aspect of gothic tradition is elements of the supernatural. In The Hand the writer states I thought I saw the hand running like a spider. This is an example of elements of the supernatural because a hand running like a spider is beyond scientific understanding or the laws of nature and not something any human would have seen. In conclusion gothic tradition is a fascinating subject because the use of dark descriptive language is effective in giving the reader a terrifying experience. Short stories are effective because the action is condensed and it all happens in a short space of time. There is less background information; all the descriptive paragraphs are there to give atmosphere, the spooky dark events. Short sentences have greater impact than longer ones, particularly when exclamation marks complete them.

The Role Of Global Manager Commerce Essay

The Role Of Global Manager Commerce Essay Global manager is a manager who has specialization to manage in different skills of management. A person who manages or works globally/internationally. Who has a head quarter. He has to play multidimensional role by combining his technical skill, people skill and soft skill. A manager must have combination of hard as well as soft skills. He must be able to organize analyse and motivate people at international level. Â   A manager whose portfolio may include securities of firms that are located throughout the world -:- GLOBAL MANAGER -:- There are 3 types of specialists irrelevant field of managing. Business Managers Country Managers Functional Managers There are top executives at corporate Headquarters . Who manages the complex interactions between the three and can identify and develop the talented executives that a successful transnational requires. Transnational integrate assets, resources diverse people in operating units around the world. Through a flexible management process in which business,country and functional are included. 1. Business Managers: Business Managers are the managers who manages business of a particular organization or a firm. 2. Country Managers: Country managers are the mangers who manages nationally. Say for example. (Prime Minister) is said to be Country Manager. 3. Functional Managers : Functional managers are the managers who manages a particular department only. Global Management is a capability that achieves multinational businesses value and need in the international marketplace. Companies that operate across international borders need executives and managers who understand cross-cultural customs and business practices and how to promote efficiency and optimize profitability in a global environment. Global Management goes beyond how to organize and run a business. It also includes how to operate it in todays business world where many corporations work across international borders. To compete around the world, a company needs three strategic capabilities: global-scale efficiency, local responsiveness, and the ability to leverage learning worldwide. No single global manager can build these capabilities. Rather, groups of specialized managers must integrate assets, resources, and people in diverse operating units. Such managers are made, not born. And how to make them isand must bethe foremost question for corporate managers. Drawing on their research with leading transnational corporations, Christopher Bartlett and Sumantra Ghoshal identify three types of global managers. They also illustrate the responsibilities each position involves through a close look at the careers of successful executives: Leif Johansson of Electrolux, Howard Gottlieb of NEC, and Wahib Zaki of Procter Gamble. The first type is the global business or product-division manager who must build worldwide efficiency and competitiveness. These managers recognize cross-border opportunities and risks as well as link activities and capabilities around the world. The second is the country manager whose unit is the building block for worldwide operations. These managers are responsible for understanding and interpreting local markets, building local resources and capabilities, and contributing toand participating inthe development of global strategy. Finally, there are worldwide functional specialiststhe managers whose potential is least appreciated in many traditional multinational companies. To transfer expertise from one unit to another and leverage learning, these managers must scan th e company for good ideas and best practice, cross-pollinate among units, and champion innovations with worldwide applications. -:- The Skills Of Global Manager -:- This management training course focuses on the interpersonal and management skills you need to be an effective manager. Its an ideal primer for new managers and a helpful refresher for those who have long been in a management role. Discover the difference between leadership and management and what you can do to become a better leader. Understand your role in team communication and what you can do to ensure fewer misunderstandings. Use the Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator and understand how to effectively communicate, deal with conflict and difficult people, and motivate and create a positive team atmosphere. In this class, youll learn how to build, motivate, and maintain an effective, high-performing team. Make the most of your employees skills and abilities by delegating appropriately and avoiding micromanaging. Learn how to link feedback, coaching, performance management, and progressive discipline to ensure top performance and to deal effectively with under performers. Also, learn how to manage time, set priorities for you and your team, and negotiate those priorities with your boss. [As important as] open-mindedness, I think, is recognizing that global management is all about legitimizing diversity. We often talk about diversity in terms of race or gender. But it is really about a total perspective. It is about legitimizing diverse views in an organization, including those based in cultural differences. People from other cultures think, argue, and perceive things very differently. A manager who is sensitive to that will understand and respond much better in a global context. Just living in that world of trade-offs can be invaluable. Understanding how the need for global efficiency cannot always trump the need for local responsiveness, for example. Or having the experience of finding that the brightest marketing person in your organization is in Australia. Or finding the best new product ideas coming out of the U.K. Such experience is invaluable in developing the needed skills and perspectives. Overall skills of Global managers can be measured in a method which is called as PEST+EL. P-Political E-Economical S-Sociological T-Technological E-Environmental L-Legally It can affect political Example: strike in the country. It can affect Economical Example: Economically Country or a Firm should be Sound. It can affect Sociological Example: Due to culture change society is affected. It can affect Technological Example:Technologically it should be correct. It can affect environment Example: environmentally it should be in favour of country. It can affect legal Example: legally taxes in Malta is higher than in U.K. due to jurisdiction. All the above points, any Global managers has to face in their working area. Any Manager who tackles this Situation and get a way out in profit of the company is said to be a sound Global Manager. -:- GLOBAL MANAGERS ROLE -:- GLOBAL MANAGER HAS FOLLOWING ROLES : 1. IN THE CAPACITY OF COUNTRY MANAGER. The global manager has to deal with clients, legal bodies, and immigration authorities on behalf of his office. 2. IN THE CAPACITY OF FUNCTIONAL MANAGER. The global manager has to select right technique, right resources, and software projects to compete at international level. 3. IN THE CAPACITY OF BUSINESS LEADER. The global manager has to make changes in the organization keeping in mind the trend of World and requirement of outsourcing. 4. Multicultural approach to reflect global operations. 5. Shift of focus on soft tools vision ,process and people to achieve objectives . 6. Collaboration with a network of vendors, partners, and customers. 7. Recrutment from global talent pool. 8. Global transfer of human resources 9. Creating a learning Organization 10. Focus on Big Picture respond rapidly to global business environment change. -:- WORK CHART OF GLOBAL MANAGER -:- GLOBAL MANAGER ITALY HEAD QUATER (VODAFONE) MALTA SPAIN INDIA BUSINESS MANAGER BUSINESS MANAGER BUSINESS MANAGER BUSINESS FUNCTIONAL MANAGER FUNCTIONAL MANAGER FUNCTIONAL MANAGER COUNTRY MANAGER COUNTRY MANAGER COUNTRY MANAGER -:- Conclusion -:- In short, Global Manager works worldwide .He responsible for all globally business for the achieve the strategic goal of business .